Ventricular Noncompaction (Hypertrabeculation) and the ECG
Definition
  Ventricular noncompaction is a primary congenital cardiomyopathy which is characterized by a spongy morphological appearance of the left ventricle.
  In children, ventricular noncompaction is generally accompanied by other congenital heart defects.
  In adults, noncompaction is usually observed as an isolated cardiac disease.
Etiology
  Mutations of several genes are reported in different patients.
Clinical significance
  Supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death may be seen.
  It has been suggested that among patients with ventricular noncompaction, the following criteria shows those with increased risk for
cardiovascular death or heart transplantation:
1. PR (PQ) interval prolongation (>200 msec)
2. At least 0.1 mV ST segment depression or elevation in inferior leads.
The ECG abnormalities that are reported with increased frequency in patients with ventricular noncompaction are